Brick

Common in cultural buildings, civic structures, museums, and adaptive reuse projects, brick pairs with concrete, glass, stone, and steel for structural masonry and facades. Variants include reinforced brick and terracotta for enhanced durability and aesthetics.

Production phases A1-A3 dominate embodied carbon, though some bricks like N30 achieve net negative GWP by absorbing 0.534 kg CO₂e per unit during use. Reclaimed bricks lower upfront emissions but lack standardized testing, increasing variability in declared impacts.