Glass

Used in facades, curtain walls, windows, and atriums to enable daylighting, views, and visual connectivity in cultural and civic projects. Laminated and coated variants like Pilkington Optilam and Suncool provide safety, acoustic control, and solar performance in envelope assemblies.

Glass production is energy-intensive due to high-temperature melting of silica sand, resulting in significant embodied carbon; EPDs for Pilkington laminated float glass indicate higher impacts for thicker or coated products. Low-iron glass reduces material use but may increase processing energy compared to standard float.